A recent study conducted by WorldFish India has shed light on a remarkable surge in fish consumption across India, attributed largely to rising incomes, evolving dietary preferences, and enhanced availability of fish products. This surge in consumption is notable even in inland regions where fish traditionally weren’t a staple.
The study, analysing data from 2005–06 to 2019–21, revealed a significant increase in the proportion of fish eaters, rising from 66% to 72.1% during the period. Per capita fish consumption also witnessed a notable uptick, climbing from 4.9 kg to 8.9 kg between 2005 and 2020. Among fish consumers, individual consumption surged from 7.4 kg to 12.3 kg.
Notably, regions like Jammu and Kashmir experienced substantial increases in fish consumption, attributed to factors such as improved connectivity and the establishment of cold storage networks. Arunachal Pradesh and Karnataka also saw significant rises in consumption rates.
The study highlighted the growing frequency of fish consumption, with weekly intake showing an 11.3% increase. Kerala emerged as the state with the highest daily fish consumption, followed by Goa and West Bengal. Meanwhile, Assam and Tripura recorded the highest weekly consumption rates.
Gender disparities in fish consumption were observed, with men comprising a higher percentage of fish eaters compared to women, partly attributed to dining habits at hotels and restaurants. Urban areas exhibited greater fish consumption, though rural areas showcased faster growth rates.
Despite an overall increase in non-vegetarian food consumption, fish consumption still lags behind eggs and chicken, particularly in coastal states. However, the study noted a significant rise in weekly fish consumption among lower-income groups, reflecting improved accessibility and availability.
Government initiatives promoting fish farming have contributed to a surge in domestic fish production, yet fish imports have also risen substantially, primarily consisting of value-added products catering to high-end restaurants.
Looking ahead, the study forecasts a potential doubling of annual per capita fish consumption with concerted efforts from both the government and private sectors. India’s growth in fish consumption stands out globally, positioning it among the highest in the World Bank group of lower-middle-income countries.