The synthetic colour industry in India is experiencing significant growth, driven by changing food habits and increased demand for visually appealing foods. However, this rise in the use of artificial food colours has sparked health concerns, including potential links to serious diseases like cancer.
The rapid evolution of dietary preferences has led to a surge in the use of synthetic food colours, which are employed to enhance the appearance and taste of food items. There are two main types of food colours: those derived from natural ingredients and those made from synthetic dyes. The latter, while more vibrant and stable, has been linked to various health risks.
The importance of colour in food cannot be overstated, as it greatly influences our perception and enjoyment of what we eat. However, reports indicate that excessive use of synthetic colours can increase the risk of dangerous diseases, including cancer.
In India, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regulates the use of food colours, ensuring that only approved substances are used. Despite these regulations, there are numerous instances of non-compliance, raising concerns about public health and safety.
Health Risks and Regulations
Benzene and other harmful chemicals are commonly found in synthetic food colours, which have been associated with numerous health issues. Long-term consumption of products containing these colours has been linked to an increased risk of cancer and other diseases. Experts warn that these substances can cause a range of health problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cognitive impairments, headaches, migraines, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, and even diabetes due to increased insulin resistance.
Despite the health risks, the synthetic food colour market in India is poised for substantial growth. It is projected to reach a value of $678 million by the end of 2024, with an annual growth rate of 5.4%. By 2034, the market is expected to be worth $1.145 billion, driven by the influence of social media and changing consumer preferences.
Why the Market is Booming in India
The popularity of synthetic food colours is fuelled by the rise in demand for visually appealing packaged and processed foods. The growing trend of eating out, particularly in street food stalls and restaurants that serve both Indian and Chinese cuisine, has also contributed to the increased use of these colours. The vibrant and attractive hues of food items entice consumers, making synthetic food colours a staple in the food industry.
Red 40, also known as Allure Red or INS 129, is one of the most commonly used synthetic colours in food. The demand for such colours is expected to rise further due to the growing popularity of packaged foods and the increasing trend of dining out.
Impact on Public Health
While synthetic colours enhance the aesthetic appeal of food, their health implications are a cause for concern. Experts emphasize that these colours offer no nutritional benefits and are used solely for visual appeal. Long-term use of artificial food colours can lead to serious health issues, highlighting the need for greater awareness and regulation.
As the synthetic food colour industry continues to grow, it is crucial to balance consumer demand for appealing foods with the need to safeguard public health. Ensuring compliance with safety standards and promoting the use of natural alternatives could help mitigate the risks associated with synthetic food colours.